The proliferation has brought a spillover effect that universities have to compete for center excellence in research and education. To meet the education deficit of the nation number of universities has been increased from two to thirty eight and twelve more are coming soon. Over last two decades education sector in Ethiopia has got due attention. STEM Education as a Gateway to Future Astronomy: the Case of Ethiopian Universities To identify possible trends in demographic groups that receive DFWs and to investigate why students receive DFWs in these courses, a student survey was administered to 719 students in 7 gateway… Students in gateway business, math, and science courses at Northern Arizona University receive non-passing grades (grades of D, F, and W) at high rates. This GUI enables a large amount of sensor data and imagery to be used for actionable intelligence as well as remote sensor command and control by a minimum number of analysts.įactors Affecting Student Academic Success in Gateway Courses at Northern Arizona University In addition to being fed to COP systems, SCORPION and SCORPION II data can be directly processed using a common sensor status graphical user interface (GUI) that allows for viewing and analysis of images and sensor data from up to seven hundred SCORPION system Gateways on single or multiple displays. Since 1998 Northrop Grumman has been integrating best in class sensors with its proven universal modular Gateway to provide encrypted data exfiltration to Common Operational Picture (COP) systems and remote sensor command and control. SCORPION II reduces the size, weight, and cost of all SCORPION components in a flexible, field programmable system that is easier to conceal, backward compatible, and enables integration of over forty Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) and camera types from a variety of manufacturers, with a modular approach to supporting multiple Line of Sight (LOS) and Beyond Line of Sight (BLOS) communications interfaces. This paper addresses improvements and benefits derived from the next generation Northrop Grumman SCORPION II family of persistent surveillance and target recognition systems produced by the Xetron campus in Cincinnati, Ohio. SCORPION II persistent surveillance system with universal gatewayĬoster, Michael Chambers, Jonathan Brunck, Albert This approach also circumvents several limitations of GPIB and RS232, which restrict their use in industrial, electrically harsh environments, via an implementation of the BITBUS protocol over optical fibers The BUG utilizes an interchangeable set of circuit boards, which allow for a commonality among interface points, and the ability to use commercially-available modules for I/O. This paper describes the BITBUS Universal Gateway (BUG), a device which supports the different interfaces mentioned above with a connection to a single BITBUS distributed subnet. For greatest flexibility, such a subnet must support connections to equipment via discrete I/O points, connections to standard interfaces such as GPIB and RS232, and be a practical network for custom-designed interfaces to intelligent equipment. Since the cost effectiveness of placing an IOC near every point where an interface to the control system is required may be prohibitive, I/O subnets implemented via message passing network protocols are utilized. The Advanced Photon Source (APS) control system is based on a distributed topology of microprocessor-based Input/Output Controllers (IOCs). The BUG not only provides this through the wired ''twisted pair'' standard of BITBUS, but extends the ability to fiber optic communications for signal transfer over extreme distances and through electrically ''noisy'' environmentsĪn I/O subnet for the APS control system - The BITBUS Universal Gateway By using this method of signal transfer, along with the communication conversion ability of the BUG, one could accomplish such things as the ability to run IEEE-488 instruments over great distances, extend a multidrop links to RS232 instruments, and provide a convenient interface point for remote analog and binary 1/0 signals, all on one homogeneous network. BITBUS is a multidrop, multinode link with the ability to communicate over great distances. Among them, IEEE-488, RS232, and raw analog and binary signal 1/0. Each BUG node, utilizing ''on board'' intelligence, has the ability to provide a communication link between BITBUS protocol and other computer-signal interfaces. The BITBUS Universal Gateway (BUG) provides a unique, cost effective solution to many different computer interface problems. International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
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